央行上海总部：人民币在上海地区涉外收支中的占比连续5年攀升******
澎湃新闻记者 陈月石
2月3日，中国人民银行上海总部举办上海金融运行情况新闻通气会，介绍了2022年上海货币信贷运行、债券市场对外开放和外汇收支形势等情况。
央行上海总部调查统计研究部主任吕进中在会上表示，2022年上海信贷投放保持增长，实际利率下行。2022年12月，上海企业贷款加权平均利率为3.59%，比上年末下降62个基点。其中，小微贷款加权平均利率为3.99%，比上年末下降47个基点。
2022年12月末，上海本外币贷款余额10.31万亿元，同比增长7.4%。其中，人民币贷款余额9.65万亿元，同比增长9.3%，增加8232亿元。
具体来说，2022年上海人民币企业贷款增加6205亿元，其中12月当月增加235亿元。从期限结构看，12月企业中长期贷款增加655亿元，是全年月均增量的2.3倍。
分行业看，2022年12月贷款增量同比多增的行业主要是房地产业、建筑业、住宿餐饮业和文体娱乐业，反映出房地产业和接触性服务业需求边际好转。
在对重点领域的金融支持方面，截至2022年12月末，上海全市普惠小微企业贷款余额同比增长25.6%；制造业中长期贷款余额比年初增长40.4%；高新技术企业、科技中小企业、专精特新企业贷款余额同比分别增长25.8%、34.5%和27.8%。全年累计为7万多户企业和个体工商户办理延期还本付息3000亿元。3月初至年末，累计向主要受困行业的5万家企业提供4900多亿元贷款支持。
在债券市场开放方面，央行上海总部金融市场管理部副主任荣艺华表示，2022年，上海总部共完成178家境外机构法人备案。
截至2022年末，境外机构在我国债券市场的持债规模为3.46万亿元，其中持有银行间市场债券3.39万亿元，近5年年均增速近25%。全年境外机构在银行间债券市场累计交易量约13万亿元，较上年增长15%，近5年年均增速约43%。
外汇市场方面，央行上海总部外汇管理部副主任葛庆表示，2022年上海涉外收支稳步增长。2022年，上海地区银行代客涉外收支总额35065亿美元，同比增长5.7%，占全国的28.2%，与2021年基本持平。
葛庆表示，市场主体持汇行为更趋理性，外汇市场韧性增强。全年上海地区货物贸易外汇收入结汇率同比下降3.4个百分点，货物贸易外汇支出购汇率同比上升4.6个百分点。市场主体汇率风险管理能力也进一步提升。全年上海地区外汇套保比例为30%，高于全国6个百分点，同比上升3.5个百分点。人民币在上海地区涉外收支中的占比连续5年攀升，2022年占比60.7%，高出全国18个百分点。
葛庆表示，截至2022年12月末，临港新片区13项高水平开放试点政策全部落地实施，合计试点企业162家，交易12397笔，金额约271.21亿美元。为进一步促进跨境贸易投融资便利化，外汇局率先在上海扩围部分试点政策，合格境外有限合伙人外汇管理试点区域由临港新片区扩大至上海市全辖，银行直接办理非金融企业外债签约登记试点区域由临港新片区扩大至浦东新区。上述扩围政策操作指引已向社会公开征求意见，后续将适时推动成熟政策进一步复制推广。
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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